. The Economic Climate of Cleveland
"Last night an eighty-year-old-grandmother was murdered on Euclid Avenue. Some kids needed cash for crack, so they stuck a knife in Grandma" (indicative of a declining area of the city). -quote from Talk Radio
In 1978, the Cleveland, Ohio, city government defaulted on 15.5 million dollars in short-term loans from local banks.
Cleveland became the first city since the Great Depression to default on its financial obligations. At that point in time, the city was more than thirty million dollars in debt. There were numerous reasons why Cleveland defaulted on its debts. Chief among these reasons was a declining population and relocation of businesses outside of Cleveland during the 1960s and 1970s. As businesses and people relocated, property values declined, hindering the city's ability to collect ample property taxes to meet its needs. City residents or Cleveland city officials repeatedly rejected tax increases during this period, failing to replace the funds lost due to the dwindling tax base.
Cleveland remained in default until 1987.http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=1646
3. The movie "Light of Day" is filmed in Cleveland. (This movie is a good frame of reference for anyone trying to understand Cleveland in 1987, particularly since images and information from the 1980's is extremely limited.)
This, somewhat forgettable, film starring Michael J. Fox and Joan Jett is still fun for Clevelanders because of its local settings and references. The movie, about a brother-sister rock and roll duo, features scenes filmed in Cleveland Heights and Cleveland's University Circle neighborhood. There's even a glimpse of Akron native, Trent Reznor, right before he burst to fame with "Nine Inch Nails."
http://cleveland.about.com/od/filmsandfilmmakers/tp/clevelandmovies.htm
4. Smoking in Cleveland (This is significant since Barry Champlain is a heavy smoker.)
Cleveland’s 1987 Clean Indoor Air Act – An Introduction
Clean Indoor Air is not new to Cleveland. On February 9, 1987, Cleveland City Council passed the 1987 Clean Indoor Air Act in response to citizen complaints that tobacco smoke rendered many public places inaccessible to those with health conditions, such as asthma.
Cleveland residents testified before Council that they were unable to enter banks, stores, and even City Hall, because of pervasive tobacco smoke. Others stated that smoke in the workplace infringed on their ability to be productive, and that it represented an occupational hazard.
The legislative process led to many compromises and exemptions. However, we should be proud that compared to legislation passed in other cities during that era, Cleveland's 1987 Act was on the cutting edge of this public health issue.
Why the 1987 Clean Indoor Air Act falls short
The 1987 Act completely exempts bars, certain eating establishments, bowling centers, hotel and motel rooms, and certain restrooms and public lobbies. According to the Northern Ohio Data and Information Service (NODIS) at Cleveland State University, this leaves more than 20,000 Cleveland employees and countless customers unprotected and exposed to secondhand smoke on a regular basis.
In addition, the 1987 Act calls on employees in office workplaces to "request" a "smoke-free work area." This falls short of addressing worker health for two reasons:
1) By requiring that workers "request" a smoke-free work area, the 1987 Act treats secondhand smoke as an inconvenience or preference, not as a known health hazard.
AND
2) Its definition of a "work area" is vague: "...any room, desk, station or other area normally occupied by an employee while carrying out his or her primary work functions." The only known way to protect workers from tobacco smoke toxins is to require separately enclosed, separately ventilated work areas for smokers and nonsmokers.
The 1987 Act does not define or require this standard.http://smokefreecleveland.org/issues/legislation.asp
5.) Sports: The Cleveland Indians in 1987 (Barry and one of the callers get into a debate about who will win the World Series.)
"Last night an eighty-year-old-grandmother was murdered on Euclid Avenue. Some kids needed cash for crack, so they stuck a knife in Grandma" (indicative of a declining area of the city). -quote from Talk Radio
In 1978, the Cleveland, Ohio, city government defaulted on 15.5 million dollars in short-term loans from local banks.
Cleveland became the first city since the Great Depression to default on its financial obligations. At that point in time, the city was more than thirty million dollars in debt. There were numerous reasons why Cleveland defaulted on its debts. Chief among these reasons was a declining population and relocation of businesses outside of Cleveland during the 1960s and 1970s. As businesses and people relocated, property values declined, hindering the city's ability to collect ample property taxes to meet its needs. City residents or Cleveland city officials repeatedly rejected tax increases during this period, failing to replace the funds lost due to the dwindling tax base.
Cleveland remained in default until 1987.http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=1646
3. The movie "Light of Day" is filmed in Cleveland. (This movie is a good frame of reference for anyone trying to understand Cleveland in 1987, particularly since images and information from the 1980's is extremely limited.)
This, somewhat forgettable, film starring Michael J. Fox and Joan Jett is still fun for Clevelanders because of its local settings and references. The movie, about a brother-sister rock and roll duo, features scenes filmed in Cleveland Heights and Cleveland's University Circle neighborhood. There's even a glimpse of Akron native, Trent Reznor, right before he burst to fame with "Nine Inch Nails."
http://cleveland.about.com/od/filmsandfilmmakers/tp/clevelandmovies.htm
4. Smoking in Cleveland (This is significant since Barry Champlain is a heavy smoker.)
Cleveland’s 1987 Clean Indoor Air Act – An Introduction
Clean Indoor Air is not new to Cleveland. On February 9, 1987, Cleveland City Council passed the 1987 Clean Indoor Air Act in response to citizen complaints that tobacco smoke rendered many public places inaccessible to those with health conditions, such as asthma.
Cleveland residents testified before Council that they were unable to enter banks, stores, and even City Hall, because of pervasive tobacco smoke. Others stated that smoke in the workplace infringed on their ability to be productive, and that it represented an occupational hazard.
The legislative process led to many compromises and exemptions. However, we should be proud that compared to legislation passed in other cities during that era, Cleveland's 1987 Act was on the cutting edge of this public health issue.
Why the 1987 Clean Indoor Air Act falls short
The 1987 Act completely exempts bars, certain eating establishments, bowling centers, hotel and motel rooms, and certain restrooms and public lobbies. According to the Northern Ohio Data and Information Service (NODIS) at Cleveland State University, this leaves more than 20,000 Cleveland employees and countless customers unprotected and exposed to secondhand smoke on a regular basis.
In addition, the 1987 Act calls on employees in office workplaces to "request" a "smoke-free work area." This falls short of addressing worker health for two reasons:
1) By requiring that workers "request" a smoke-free work area, the 1987 Act treats secondhand smoke as an inconvenience or preference, not as a known health hazard.
AND
2) Its definition of a "work area" is vague: "...any room, desk, station or other area normally occupied by an employee while carrying out his or her primary work functions." The only known way to protect workers from tobacco smoke toxins is to require separately enclosed, separately ventilated work areas for smokers and nonsmokers.
The 1987 Act does not define or require this standard.http://smokefreecleveland.org/issues/legislation.asp
5.) Sports: The Cleveland Indians in 1987 (Barry and one of the callers get into a debate about who will win the World Series.)
The Cleveland Indians finished in seventh place in the American League East. Sports Illustrated magazine predicted that the Indians would finish in first. Club president Peter Bavasi's would resign before the regular season began. Bavasi had joined the Indians in November 1984. As president of the Cleveland Indians, he served on Major League Baseball's Executive Council. [1] During the 1986 season, the team had an 84-78 record, its best since 1968, and attendance of 1.47 million, its highest since 1959. [2]There was a lot of optimism that the team would reach its full potential in 1987.
In 1987, the Cleveland Indians achieved a baseball first. The Indians had veteran pitchers Steve Carlton and Phil Niekro on their roster to add experience. Their most notable accomplishment was appearing in a game together against the New York Yankees at Yankee Stadium. Carlton and Niekro became the first teammates and 300-game winners to appear in the same game.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987_Cleveland_Indians_season
6. Topography (Many different locations are mentioned throughout the script. The topography of Cleveland is central to the creation of the different areas of the city and its suburbs.)
"...flies it out over the lake and drops it in." - quote from Talk Radio
According to the United States Census Bureau,[1] the city has a total area of 82.4 square miles (213.5 km²), of which, 77.6 square miles (201.0 km²) is land and 4.8 square miles (12.5 km²) is water. The total area is 5.87% water. The shore of Lake Erie is 569 feet (173 m) above sea level; however, the city lies on a series of irregular bluffs lying roughly parallel to the lake. In Cleveland these bluffs are cut principally by the Cuyahoga River, Big Creek, and Euclid Creek. The land rises quickly from the lakeshore. Public Square, less than a mile (2 km) inland, sits at an elevation of 650 feet (198 m), and Hopkins Airport, only five miles (8 km) inland from the lake, is at an elevation of 791 feet (241 m).[36]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_Ohio
7.Climate
"...flies it out over the lake and drops it in." - quote from Talk Radio
According to the United States Census Bureau,[1] the city has a total area of 82.4 square miles (213.5 km²), of which, 77.6 square miles (201.0 km²) is land and 4.8 square miles (12.5 km²) is water. The total area is 5.87% water. The shore of Lake Erie is 569 feet (173 m) above sea level; however, the city lies on a series of irregular bluffs lying roughly parallel to the lake. In Cleveland these bluffs are cut principally by the Cuyahoga River, Big Creek, and Euclid Creek. The land rises quickly from the lakeshore. Public Square, less than a mile (2 km) inland, sits at an elevation of 650 feet (198 m), and Hopkins Airport, only five miles (8 km) inland from the lake, is at an elevation of 791 feet (241 m).[36]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_Ohio
7.Climate
"I waited a half hour last night. In the rain." - quote from Talk Radio
Cleveland possesses a humid continental climate (Koppen climate classification Dfa), typical of much of the central United States, with very warm, humid summers and cold, snowy winters. The Lake Erie shoreline is very close to due east-west from the mouth of the Cuyahoga west to Sandusky, but at the mouth of the Cuyahoga it turns sharply northeast. This feature is the principal contributor to the lake effect snow that is typical in Cleveland (especially east side) weather from mid-November until the surface of Lake Erie freezes, usually in late January or early February. The lake effect causes snowfall totals to range greatly across the city: while Hopkins Airport has only reached 100 inches (254 cm) of snowfall in a given season three times since 1968,[37] seasonal totals approaching or exceeding 100 inches (2,500 mm) are not uncommon in an area known as the "Snow Belt", extending from the east side of Cleveland proper through the eastern suburbs and up the Lake Erie shore as far as Buffalo, New York. Despite its reputation as a cold, snowy place in winter, mild spells often break winter's grip with temperatures sometimes soaring above 70 °F (21 °C). The all-time record high in Cleveland of 104 °F (40 °C) was established on June 25, 1988, and the all-time record low of −20 °F (−29 °C) was set on January 19, 1994.[38] On average, July is the warmest month with a mean temperature of 71.9 °F (22.2 °C), and January, with a mean temperature of 25.7 °F (−3.5 °C), is the coldest. Normal yearly precipitation based on the 30-year average from 1971 to 2000 is 38.7 inches (930 mm).[39] Yearly precipitation rates vary considerably in different areas of the Cleveland metropolitan area, with less precipitation on the western side and directly along the lake, and the most occurring in the eastern suburbs.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio
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