9. "Pick 'n' Pay"
"I'm coming out of Pick 'n' Pay and there's this kid sittin' on the hood of my car." -quote from Talk Radio
FIRST NATIONAL SUPERMARKETS, INC. (FINAST) is a leading supermarket chain in the Cleveland area. Its origin can be traced to 1928, when Edward Silverberg opened a small dairy store in CLEVELAND HEIGHTS In the 1930s, Silverberg expanded his company into a chain called Farmview Creamery Stores. He introduced the supermarket to Cleveland in 1938, when he opened a store on E. 185th St. called Pick-N-Pay, which carried dairy products as well as grocery items. Silverberg changed the corporate name of all his stores to Pick-N-Pay Supermarkets in 1940. Pick-N-Pay had grown to 10 supermarkets when it was acquired by the Cook Coffee Co. of Cleveland (later COOK UNITED, INC.) in 1951.
The one remaining Pick-N-Pay was closed in 1994 as well. Locally, in 1995 the chain employed 7,500 employees in 41 stores, including 25 in Cuyahoga County and 7 in the city of Cleveland. http://ech.cwru.edu/ech-cgi/article.pl?id=FNSI
Monday, May 23, 2011
Assassination Attempts on The Pope and President Ronald Reagan
9. Assassination Attempts on The Pope and President Ronald Reagan
"They tried to kill the pope, Barry!" - quote from Talk Radio
More than half the world's population was not born or was less than 10 years old when a 23-year-old Turk named Mehmet Ali Agca shot Pope John Paul II four times with a 9-mm pistol from a distance of 15 feet as the pope drove through a crowd of 20,000 in St. Peter's Square on May 13, 1981.http://archive.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2005/4/5/160320.shtml
Monday - March 30 (1981)
I was almost to the car when I heard what sounded like two or three firecrackers over to my left - just a small fluttering sound, pop, pop, pop. I turned and said, "What the hell's that?" Just then, Jerry Parr, the head of our Secret Service unit, grabbed me by the waist and literally hurled me into the back of the limousine. I landed on my face atop the armrest across the back seat and Jerry jumped on top of me. When he landed, I felt a pain in my upper back that was unbelievable. It was the most excruciating pain I had ever felt. "Jerry," I said, "get off, I think you've broken one of my ribs."
Little by little, though, I learned what had happened and what the situation was: I had a bullet in my lung; Service agent Tim McCarthy had been shot in the chest; policeman Tom Delehanty had been shot in the neck. All of us had been hit by the gun of a young lone assailant who was in police custody. When Jim Brady, a funny and irreverent man who was as talented and well liked as anyone in the White House, was wheeled by me unconscious on his way to the operating room, someone told me he was hit so badly he probably wouldn't make it, and I quickly said a prayer for him. http://www.ronaldreagan.com/march30.html
Lebanon Hostage Crisis
8. Lebanon Hostage Crisis
"Who can stop the toxic wastes, the terrorism, the nuclear build-up, the assasinations?" -quotes from Talk Radio
1987: Peace envoy imprisoned in Beirut Reports from Lebanon say Church of England envoy Terry Waite has been kidnapped by an Islamic militia group.
Mr Waite, 47, disappeared on 20 January, eight days after arriving in the capital, Beirut, to try to free four hostages, including British journalist John McCarthy.http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/2/newsid_2524000/2524703.stm
Charles Glass. American television correspondent Charles Glass was seized on June 17, 1987, by a previously unknown group, the "Organization for the Defense of Free People", (believed to be one of Hezbollah's aliases) he escaped 62 days later.[14]
Rudolph Cordes and Alfred Schmidt, two citizens of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) abducted in January 1987 by an organization calling itself "Strugglers for Freedom." The West Germans were seized shortly after the West German government arrested Muhammad Ali Hamadi, a Shia terrorist leader who allegedly masterminded the 1985 TWA Flight 847 hijacking and killed diver Robert Dean Stethem. Muhammad Ali Hammadi was not released at that time but was in 2006, "in an apparent exchange for a German hostage in Iraq."[20]
Terry Waite. Anglican Church envoy Terry Waite, who disappeared January 20, 1987, while on a negotiating mission to free the other kidnap victims, spent almost five years in captivity, nearly four years of it in solitary confinement, after he was seized by Islamic Jihad from a go-between's house in Lebanon on January 20, 1987. Before his release in November 1991 he was frequently blindfolded, beaten, and subjected to mock executions. He lived much of the time chained to a radiator, suffered desperately from asthma, and was transported in a giant refrigerator as his captors moved him about. [21]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon_hostage_crisis
Mr Waite, 47, disappeared on 20 January, eight days after arriving in the capital, Beirut, to try to free four hostages, including British journalist John McCarthy.http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/2/newsid_2524000/2524703.stm
Charles Glass. American television correspondent Charles Glass was seized on June 17, 1987, by a previously unknown group, the "Organization for the Defense of Free People", (believed to be one of Hezbollah's aliases) he escaped 62 days later.[14]
Rudolph Cordes and Alfred Schmidt, two citizens of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) abducted in January 1987 by an organization calling itself "Strugglers for Freedom." The West Germans were seized shortly after the West German government arrested Muhammad Ali Hamadi, a Shia terrorist leader who allegedly masterminded the 1985 TWA Flight 847 hijacking and killed diver Robert Dean Stethem. Muhammad Ali Hammadi was not released at that time but was in 2006, "in an apparent exchange for a German hostage in Iraq."[20]
Terry Waite. Anglican Church envoy Terry Waite, who disappeared January 20, 1987, while on a negotiating mission to free the other kidnap victims, spent almost five years in captivity, nearly four years of it in solitary confinement, after he was seized by Islamic Jihad from a go-between's house in Lebanon on January 20, 1987. Before his release in November 1991 he was frequently blindfolded, beaten, and subjected to mock executions. He lived much of the time chained to a radiator, suffered desperately from asthma, and was transported in a giant refrigerator as his captors moved him about. [21]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon_hostage_crisis
Pedophilia in the Cleveland area
8. Pedophilia in the Cleveland area
"In Shaker Heights, our good citizens (doctors, lawyers, dentists) have formed a little club - they're having sex with children." - quote from Talk Radio
Diocese confronted clergy abuse in 1987
03/10/02 James F. McCarty and David Briggs Plain Dealer Reporters
One of the darkest chapters in the history of the Catholic Diocese of Cleveland opened on the Sunday before St. Patrick's Day, 1987.
An editorial in The Plain Dealer warned that a pedophile priest with a criminal past had been secretly employed the previous seven years in the Cleveland Diocese. The story did not name the priest or his parishIn the 15 years since, substantially more has become known about the mystery priest - and about the cases of other alleged pedophile priests that flared up to embarrass the diocese in the months and years that followed.
All four of the priests whose alleged deviant behavior was made public in 1987 were later sent to new assignments, where some had easy access to children. But not all of their new superiors were told of the allegations.
The Rev. Gary Berthiaume, 1987's mystery priest, was assigned to Ascension Parish on Puritas Avenue in Cleveland's West Park neighborhood in 1979, after leaving the Diocese of Detroit.
Berthiaume brought with him a felony conviction and two sexual-abuse lawsuits for fondling youths in Michigan. He had already served six months in prison and was still on five years' probation.
Cleveland Bishop Anthony Pilla declined to warn parishioners about the pedophile priest he had placed in their midst.
Berthiaume had been "watched like a hawk" during his stay at Ascension Church, with no reports of illegal behavior - a strong indication, Auxiliary Bishop A. James Quinn said at the time, that Berthiaume had been cured of his disease.
But it turned out that the hawk watching Berthiaume at Ascension was the Rev. Allen Bruening - who himself would become the target of several allegations that he sexually molested Catholic grade-school children during his 20-year stay in the Cleveland Diocese.
In a lawsuit filed last year, a former Ascension student accused Bruening and Berthiaume of teaming up to molest him in the school's shower over three years in the 1980s.
Berthiaume left the diocese after the 1987 stories broke. He now works at the Cenacle Retreat House in Warrenville, Ill. Berthiaume did not return phones calls seeking comment.
Bruening was quietly forced to resign as Ascension pastor in late 1984, after another parish family accused him of a pattern of child abuse covering the previous two decades.http://www.cleveland.com/abuse/index.ssf?/abuse/more/10157562251923437.html
"In Shaker Heights, our good citizens (doctors, lawyers, dentists) have formed a little club - they're having sex with children." - quote from Talk Radio
Diocese confronted clergy abuse in 1987
03/10/02 James F. McCarty and David Briggs Plain Dealer Reporters
One of the darkest chapters in the history of the Catholic Diocese of Cleveland opened on the Sunday before St. Patrick's Day, 1987.
An editorial in The Plain Dealer warned that a pedophile priest with a criminal past had been secretly employed the previous seven years in the Cleveland Diocese. The story did not name the priest or his parishIn the 15 years since, substantially more has become known about the mystery priest - and about the cases of other alleged pedophile priests that flared up to embarrass the diocese in the months and years that followed.
All four of the priests whose alleged deviant behavior was made public in 1987 were later sent to new assignments, where some had easy access to children. But not all of their new superiors were told of the allegations.
The Rev. Gary Berthiaume, 1987's mystery priest, was assigned to Ascension Parish on Puritas Avenue in Cleveland's West Park neighborhood in 1979, after leaving the Diocese of Detroit.
Berthiaume brought with him a felony conviction and two sexual-abuse lawsuits for fondling youths in Michigan. He had already served six months in prison and was still on five years' probation.
Cleveland Bishop Anthony Pilla declined to warn parishioners about the pedophile priest he had placed in their midst.
Berthiaume had been "watched like a hawk" during his stay at Ascension Church, with no reports of illegal behavior - a strong indication, Auxiliary Bishop A. James Quinn said at the time, that Berthiaume had been cured of his disease.
But it turned out that the hawk watching Berthiaume at Ascension was the Rev. Allen Bruening - who himself would become the target of several allegations that he sexually molested Catholic grade-school children during his 20-year stay in the Cleveland Diocese.
In a lawsuit filed last year, a former Ascension student accused Bruening and Berthiaume of teaming up to molest him in the school's shower over three years in the 1980s.
Berthiaume left the diocese after the 1987 stories broke. He now works at the Cenacle Retreat House in Warrenville, Ill. Berthiaume did not return phones calls seeking comment.
Bruening was quietly forced to resign as Ascension pastor in late 1984, after another parish family accused him of a pattern of child abuse covering the previous two decades.http://www.cleveland.com/abuse/index.ssf?/abuse/more/10157562251923437.html
Aids Epidemic
2. AIDS Epidemic
"The mailman brings me unsolicited mail, I mean, the postage stamp could have been licked by someone with AIDS. Right"
"New report on AIDS..." - quotes from Talk Radio
New York Times
November 29, 1987
By HILARY STOUT
More than 40 percent of American adults are concerned that they will contract AIDS, and fear of having the deadly disease is prompting many people to change their sexual behavior and take other precautions, the latest Gallup poll indicates.
An overwhelming number of Americans, 68 percent, believe AIDS is the nation's most serious health problem; 14 percent name cancer and 7 percent heart disease, according to the poll.
Twenty percent of American adults are "very concerned" that acquired immune deficiency syndrome will strike them personally, and 22 percent are "a little concerned" that they will contract the disease, the poll found.
http://www.nytimes.com/library/national/science/aids/112987sci-aids-2.html
"The mailman brings me unsolicited mail, I mean, the postage stamp could have been licked by someone with AIDS. Right"
"New report on AIDS..." - quotes from Talk Radio
New York Times
November 29, 1987
By HILARY STOUT
More than 40 percent of American adults are concerned that they will contract AIDS, and fear of having the deadly disease is prompting many people to change their sexual behavior and take other precautions, the latest Gallup poll indicates.
An overwhelming number of Americans, 68 percent, believe AIDS is the nation's most serious health problem; 14 percent name cancer and 7 percent heart disease, according to the poll.
Twenty percent of American adults are "very concerned" that acquired immune deficiency syndrome will strike them personally, and 22 percent are "a little concerned" that they will contract the disease, the poll found.
http://www.nytimes.com/library/national/science/aids/112987sci-aids-2.html
Iran Contra
7. The Iran Contra Affair
"How do you think thay pay for all those covert wars? Laos, Cambodia, Nicaragua, Air America, Iran Contra, it's a time-honored tradition." - quote from Talk Radio
The American Experience: The Iran Contra Affair By Julie Wolf
In 1985, while Iran and Iraq were at war, Iran made a secret request to buy weapons from the United States. McFarlane sought Reagan's approval, in spite of the embargo against selling arms to Iran. McFarlane explained that the sale of arms would not only improve U.S. relations with Iran, but might in turn lead to improved relations with Lebanon, increasing U.S. influence in the troubled Middle East. Reagan was driven by a different obsession. He had become frustrated at his inability to secure the release of the seven American hostages being held by Iranian terrorists in Lebanon. As president, Reagan felt that "he had the duty to bring those Americans home," and he convinced himself that he was not negotiating with terrorists. While shipping arms to Iran violated the embargo, dealing with terrorists violated Reagan's campaign promise never to do so. Reagan had always been admired for his honesty.http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/reagan/peopleevents/pande08.html
It was not until 1986 that word had gotten out about the secret transactions. The Lebanese magazine Ash-Shiraa published a series of articles in November 1986, that exposed the weapons-for-hostages deal. On November 18th, 1987, the Congress issued a report on the affair that stated the president bore "ultimate responsibility."
Upon further investigation, Attorney General Edwin Meese verified the report and an independent special prosecutor, Lawrence E. Walsh, was assigned to investigate the deals involving the arms sale and the Contra support.
The hearings surrounding the scandals were televised from May to August in 1987. Military aide Marine Lt. Colonel Oliver North, former CIA chief William J. Casey, National Security Advisor John Poindexter, former defense secretary Caspar Weinberger, and many other high-ranking government officials were publicly investigated.
It was finally found that National Security Advisor Poindexter had personally authorized the diversion of money to the Contra rebels; all the while withholding the information from President Reagan. The CIA's William J. Casey played a part in the conspiracy, but he died during the hearings. http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1889.html
It was finally found that National Security Advisor Poindexter had personally authorized the diversion of money to the Contra rebels; all the while withholding the information from President Reagan. The CIA's William J. Casey played a part in the conspiracy, but he died during the hearings. http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1889.html
African Americans in the world of 1987
5. African Americans and the World of 1987
"I like you blacks, everyone should own one."
"What does that make blacks? Uneducated?" - quotes from Talk Radio
Proclamation 5743 -- African American Education Week, 1987
November 17, 1987
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Because teachers are among the most important role models in our society, it is truly fitting that we set aside African American Education Week to encourage young African Americans to pursue careers in the field of education.
Americans have always deeply valued the rewards and the advancement that education makes possible. No task is more vital to the strength and security of our Nation than that of providing good education for all our citizens. So that America continues to remain a land of opportunity for all people, we should encourage a wide representation of African Americans as teachers and continued concern for African American students. The National Alliance of Black School Educators is committed to these goals. By inspiring students with a vision of excellence, we can touch the lives of countless youngsters in present and future generations for the better.
The Congress, by Senate Joint Resolution 174, has designated the week beginning November 15, 1987, as ``African American Education Week'' and authorized and requested the President to issue a proclamation in observance of this week.
Now, Therefore, I, Ronald Reagan, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim the week beginning November 15, 1987, as African American Education Week. I call upon officials of government at every level, educators, private sector groups, and all Americans to observe this week with appropriate programs, ceremonies, and activities in support of the achievement of academic excellence among African Americans.
In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this seventeenth day of November, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-seven, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and twelfth.
Ronald Reagan
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 10:39 a.m., November 18, 1987]
http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1987/111787c.htm
African American Women College Presidents
On July 1, 1987, for the first time in history, there were three African American women serving as Presidents of Four Year Colleges and Universities in America.They were - Dr. Niara Sudarkasa- President of Lincoln University in Pennslyvania; Dr. Johnetta Cole, President of Spelman College in Atlanta, Georgia; and Dr. Gloria Randle Scott, President of Bennett College in Greensboro, North Carolina. Dr. Sudarkasa was appointed in February of 1987; Dr. Gloria Scott appointed March 1987, and Dr. Johnetta Cole appointed in May, 1987.
http://www.blackfacts.com/fact/8072cefb-9371-49ac-91f5-0f942492bf2a
"I like you blacks, everyone should own one."
"What does that make blacks? Uneducated?" - quotes from Talk Radio
Proclamation 5743 -- African American Education Week, 1987
November 17, 1987
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Because teachers are among the most important role models in our society, it is truly fitting that we set aside African American Education Week to encourage young African Americans to pursue careers in the field of education.
Americans have always deeply valued the rewards and the advancement that education makes possible. No task is more vital to the strength and security of our Nation than that of providing good education for all our citizens. So that America continues to remain a land of opportunity for all people, we should encourage a wide representation of African Americans as teachers and continued concern for African American students. The National Alliance of Black School Educators is committed to these goals. By inspiring students with a vision of excellence, we can touch the lives of countless youngsters in present and future generations for the better.
The Congress, by Senate Joint Resolution 174, has designated the week beginning November 15, 1987, as ``African American Education Week'' and authorized and requested the President to issue a proclamation in observance of this week.
Now, Therefore, I, Ronald Reagan, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim the week beginning November 15, 1987, as African American Education Week. I call upon officials of government at every level, educators, private sector groups, and all Americans to observe this week with appropriate programs, ceremonies, and activities in support of the achievement of academic excellence among African Americans.
In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this seventeenth day of November, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-seven, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and twelfth.
Ronald Reagan
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 10:39 a.m., November 18, 1987]
http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1987/111787c.htm
African American Women College Presidents
On July 1, 1987, for the first time in history, there were three African American women serving as Presidents of Four Year Colleges and Universities in America.They were - Dr. Niara Sudarkasa- President of Lincoln University in Pennslyvania; Dr. Johnetta Cole, President of Spelman College in Atlanta, Georgia; and Dr. Gloria Randle Scott, President of Bennett College in Greensboro, North Carolina. Dr. Sudarkasa was appointed in February of 1987; Dr. Gloria Scott appointed March 1987, and Dr. Johnetta Cole appointed in May, 1987.
http://www.blackfacts.com/fact/8072cefb-9371-49ac-91f5-0f942492bf2a
Information about Cleveland
. The Economic Climate of Cleveland
"Last night an eighty-year-old-grandmother was murdered on Euclid Avenue. Some kids needed cash for crack, so they stuck a knife in Grandma" (indicative of a declining area of the city). -quote from Talk Radio
In 1978, the Cleveland, Ohio, city government defaulted on 15.5 million dollars in short-term loans from local banks.
Cleveland became the first city since the Great Depression to default on its financial obligations. At that point in time, the city was more than thirty million dollars in debt. There were numerous reasons why Cleveland defaulted on its debts. Chief among these reasons was a declining population and relocation of businesses outside of Cleveland during the 1960s and 1970s. As businesses and people relocated, property values declined, hindering the city's ability to collect ample property taxes to meet its needs. City residents or Cleveland city officials repeatedly rejected tax increases during this period, failing to replace the funds lost due to the dwindling tax base.
Cleveland remained in default until 1987.http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=1646
3. The movie "Light of Day" is filmed in Cleveland. (This movie is a good frame of reference for anyone trying to understand Cleveland in 1987, particularly since images and information from the 1980's is extremely limited.)
This, somewhat forgettable, film starring Michael J. Fox and Joan Jett is still fun for Clevelanders because of its local settings and references. The movie, about a brother-sister rock and roll duo, features scenes filmed in Cleveland Heights and Cleveland's University Circle neighborhood. There's even a glimpse of Akron native, Trent Reznor, right before he burst to fame with "Nine Inch Nails."
http://cleveland.about.com/od/filmsandfilmmakers/tp/clevelandmovies.htm
4. Smoking in Cleveland (This is significant since Barry Champlain is a heavy smoker.)
Cleveland’s 1987 Clean Indoor Air Act – An Introduction
Clean Indoor Air is not new to Cleveland. On February 9, 1987, Cleveland City Council passed the 1987 Clean Indoor Air Act in response to citizen complaints that tobacco smoke rendered many public places inaccessible to those with health conditions, such as asthma.
Cleveland residents testified before Council that they were unable to enter banks, stores, and even City Hall, because of pervasive tobacco smoke. Others stated that smoke in the workplace infringed on their ability to be productive, and that it represented an occupational hazard.
The legislative process led to many compromises and exemptions. However, we should be proud that compared to legislation passed in other cities during that era, Cleveland's 1987 Act was on the cutting edge of this public health issue.
Why the 1987 Clean Indoor Air Act falls short
The 1987 Act completely exempts bars, certain eating establishments, bowling centers, hotel and motel rooms, and certain restrooms and public lobbies. According to the Northern Ohio Data and Information Service (NODIS) at Cleveland State University, this leaves more than 20,000 Cleveland employees and countless customers unprotected and exposed to secondhand smoke on a regular basis.
In addition, the 1987 Act calls on employees in office workplaces to "request" a "smoke-free work area." This falls short of addressing worker health for two reasons:
1) By requiring that workers "request" a smoke-free work area, the 1987 Act treats secondhand smoke as an inconvenience or preference, not as a known health hazard.
AND
2) Its definition of a "work area" is vague: "...any room, desk, station or other area normally occupied by an employee while carrying out his or her primary work functions." The only known way to protect workers from tobacco smoke toxins is to require separately enclosed, separately ventilated work areas for smokers and nonsmokers.
The 1987 Act does not define or require this standard.http://smokefreecleveland.org/issues/legislation.asp
5.) Sports: The Cleveland Indians in 1987 (Barry and one of the callers get into a debate about who will win the World Series.)
"Last night an eighty-year-old-grandmother was murdered on Euclid Avenue. Some kids needed cash for crack, so they stuck a knife in Grandma" (indicative of a declining area of the city). -quote from Talk Radio
In 1978, the Cleveland, Ohio, city government defaulted on 15.5 million dollars in short-term loans from local banks.
Cleveland became the first city since the Great Depression to default on its financial obligations. At that point in time, the city was more than thirty million dollars in debt. There were numerous reasons why Cleveland defaulted on its debts. Chief among these reasons was a declining population and relocation of businesses outside of Cleveland during the 1960s and 1970s. As businesses and people relocated, property values declined, hindering the city's ability to collect ample property taxes to meet its needs. City residents or Cleveland city officials repeatedly rejected tax increases during this period, failing to replace the funds lost due to the dwindling tax base.
Cleveland remained in default until 1987.http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=1646
3. The movie "Light of Day" is filmed in Cleveland. (This movie is a good frame of reference for anyone trying to understand Cleveland in 1987, particularly since images and information from the 1980's is extremely limited.)
This, somewhat forgettable, film starring Michael J. Fox and Joan Jett is still fun for Clevelanders because of its local settings and references. The movie, about a brother-sister rock and roll duo, features scenes filmed in Cleveland Heights and Cleveland's University Circle neighborhood. There's even a glimpse of Akron native, Trent Reznor, right before he burst to fame with "Nine Inch Nails."
http://cleveland.about.com/od/filmsandfilmmakers/tp/clevelandmovies.htm
4. Smoking in Cleveland (This is significant since Barry Champlain is a heavy smoker.)
Cleveland’s 1987 Clean Indoor Air Act – An Introduction
Clean Indoor Air is not new to Cleveland. On February 9, 1987, Cleveland City Council passed the 1987 Clean Indoor Air Act in response to citizen complaints that tobacco smoke rendered many public places inaccessible to those with health conditions, such as asthma.
Cleveland residents testified before Council that they were unable to enter banks, stores, and even City Hall, because of pervasive tobacco smoke. Others stated that smoke in the workplace infringed on their ability to be productive, and that it represented an occupational hazard.
The legislative process led to many compromises and exemptions. However, we should be proud that compared to legislation passed in other cities during that era, Cleveland's 1987 Act was on the cutting edge of this public health issue.
Why the 1987 Clean Indoor Air Act falls short
The 1987 Act completely exempts bars, certain eating establishments, bowling centers, hotel and motel rooms, and certain restrooms and public lobbies. According to the Northern Ohio Data and Information Service (NODIS) at Cleveland State University, this leaves more than 20,000 Cleveland employees and countless customers unprotected and exposed to secondhand smoke on a regular basis.
In addition, the 1987 Act calls on employees in office workplaces to "request" a "smoke-free work area." This falls short of addressing worker health for two reasons:
1) By requiring that workers "request" a smoke-free work area, the 1987 Act treats secondhand smoke as an inconvenience or preference, not as a known health hazard.
AND
2) Its definition of a "work area" is vague: "...any room, desk, station or other area normally occupied by an employee while carrying out his or her primary work functions." The only known way to protect workers from tobacco smoke toxins is to require separately enclosed, separately ventilated work areas for smokers and nonsmokers.
The 1987 Act does not define or require this standard.http://smokefreecleveland.org/issues/legislation.asp
5.) Sports: The Cleveland Indians in 1987 (Barry and one of the callers get into a debate about who will win the World Series.)
The Cleveland Indians finished in seventh place in the American League East. Sports Illustrated magazine predicted that the Indians would finish in first. Club president Peter Bavasi's would resign before the regular season began. Bavasi had joined the Indians in November 1984. As president of the Cleveland Indians, he served on Major League Baseball's Executive Council. [1] During the 1986 season, the team had an 84-78 record, its best since 1968, and attendance of 1.47 million, its highest since 1959. [2]There was a lot of optimism that the team would reach its full potential in 1987.
In 1987, the Cleveland Indians achieved a baseball first. The Indians had veteran pitchers Steve Carlton and Phil Niekro on their roster to add experience. Their most notable accomplishment was appearing in a game together against the New York Yankees at Yankee Stadium. Carlton and Niekro became the first teammates and 300-game winners to appear in the same game.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987_Cleveland_Indians_season
6. Topography (Many different locations are mentioned throughout the script. The topography of Cleveland is central to the creation of the different areas of the city and its suburbs.)
"...flies it out over the lake and drops it in." - quote from Talk Radio
According to the United States Census Bureau,[1] the city has a total area of 82.4 square miles (213.5 km²), of which, 77.6 square miles (201.0 km²) is land and 4.8 square miles (12.5 km²) is water. The total area is 5.87% water. The shore of Lake Erie is 569 feet (173 m) above sea level; however, the city lies on a series of irregular bluffs lying roughly parallel to the lake. In Cleveland these bluffs are cut principally by the Cuyahoga River, Big Creek, and Euclid Creek. The land rises quickly from the lakeshore. Public Square, less than a mile (2 km) inland, sits at an elevation of 650 feet (198 m), and Hopkins Airport, only five miles (8 km) inland from the lake, is at an elevation of 791 feet (241 m).[36]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_Ohio
7.Climate
"...flies it out over the lake and drops it in." - quote from Talk Radio
According to the United States Census Bureau,[1] the city has a total area of 82.4 square miles (213.5 km²), of which, 77.6 square miles (201.0 km²) is land and 4.8 square miles (12.5 km²) is water. The total area is 5.87% water. The shore of Lake Erie is 569 feet (173 m) above sea level; however, the city lies on a series of irregular bluffs lying roughly parallel to the lake. In Cleveland these bluffs are cut principally by the Cuyahoga River, Big Creek, and Euclid Creek. The land rises quickly from the lakeshore. Public Square, less than a mile (2 km) inland, sits at an elevation of 650 feet (198 m), and Hopkins Airport, only five miles (8 km) inland from the lake, is at an elevation of 791 feet (241 m).[36]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_Ohio
7.Climate
"I waited a half hour last night. In the rain." - quote from Talk Radio
Cleveland possesses a humid continental climate (Koppen climate classification Dfa), typical of much of the central United States, with very warm, humid summers and cold, snowy winters. The Lake Erie shoreline is very close to due east-west from the mouth of the Cuyahoga west to Sandusky, but at the mouth of the Cuyahoga it turns sharply northeast. This feature is the principal contributor to the lake effect snow that is typical in Cleveland (especially east side) weather from mid-November until the surface of Lake Erie freezes, usually in late January or early February. The lake effect causes snowfall totals to range greatly across the city: while Hopkins Airport has only reached 100 inches (254 cm) of snowfall in a given season three times since 1968,[37] seasonal totals approaching or exceeding 100 inches (2,500 mm) are not uncommon in an area known as the "Snow Belt", extending from the east side of Cleveland proper through the eastern suburbs and up the Lake Erie shore as far as Buffalo, New York. Despite its reputation as a cold, snowy place in winter, mild spells often break winter's grip with temperatures sometimes soaring above 70 °F (21 °C). The all-time record high in Cleveland of 104 °F (40 °C) was established on June 25, 1988, and the all-time record low of −20 °F (−29 °C) was set on January 19, 1994.[38] On average, July is the warmest month with a mean temperature of 71.9 °F (22.2 °C), and January, with a mean temperature of 25.7 °F (−3.5 °C), is the coldest. Normal yearly precipitation based on the 30-year average from 1971 to 2000 is 38.7 inches (930 mm).[39] Yearly precipitation rates vary considerably in different areas of the Cleveland metropolitan area, with less precipitation on the western side and directly along the lake, and the most occurring in the eastern suburbs.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio
communism circa 1987
6. Communism
"What about communist countries...Red China for instance?"
""Yugoslavia is communist, it's a third-world country, so's Nicaragua, so's Cuba."
-quotes from Talk Radio
Following the death of Konstantin Chernenko (Andropov's successor) in 1985, Gorbachev was appointed general secretary of the party despite being the youngest member of the politburo. He embarked on a comprehensive program of political, economic, and social liberalization under the slogans of glasnost (“openness”) and perestroika(“restructuring”). The nuclear disaster at Chernobyl (1986) forced Gorbachev to allow even greater freedom of expression. The government released political prisoners, allowed increased emigration, attacked corruption, and encouraged the critical reexamination of Soviet history.
In a series of summit talks (1985–88), Gorbachev improved relations with U.S. President Ronald Reagan, with whom he signed an Intermediate Nuclear Forces (INF) arms limitation treaty in 1987. By 1989 he had brought about the end of the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan (seeAfghanistan War) and had sanctioned the end of the Communist monopoly on political power in Eastern Europe. For his contributions to reducing East-West tensions, he was awarded the 1990 Nobel Peace Prize. By 1990, however, Gorbachev's perestroika program had failed to deliver significant improvement in the economy, and the elimination of political and social control had released latent ethnic and national tensions in the Baltic states, in the constituent republics of Armenia, Georgia, Ukraine, and Moldova, and elsewhere. http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0821290.html The American Experience:The Iran Contra Affair By Julie WolfRonald Reagan's efforts to eradicate Communism spanned the globe, but the insurgent Contras' cause in Nicaragua was particularly dear to him. Battling the Cuban-backed Sandinistas, the Contras were, according to Reagan, "the moral equivalent of our Founding Fathers." Under the so-called Reagan Doctrine, the CIA trained and assisted this and other anti-Communist insurgencies worldwide.http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/reagan/peopleevents/pande08.html7. The Iran Contra Affair"How do you think thay pay for all those covert wars? Laos, Cambodia, Nicaragua, Air America, Iran Contra, it's a time-honored tradition." - quote from Talk RadioThe American Experience: The Iran Contra Affair By Julie WolfIn 1985, while Iran and Iraq were at war, Iran made a secret request to buy weapons from the United States. McFarlane sought Reagan's approval, in spite of the embargo against selling arms to Iran. McFarlane explained that the sale of arms would not only improve U.S. relations with Iran, but might in turn lead to improved relations with Lebanon, increasing U.S. influence in the troubled Middle East. Reagan was driven by a different obsession. He had become frustrated at his inability to secure the release of the seven American hostages being held by Iranian terrorists in Lebanon. As president, Reagan felt that "he had the duty to bring those Americans home," and he convinced himself that he was not negotiating with terrorists. While shipping arms to Iran violated the embargo, dealing with terrorists violated Reagan's campaign promise never to do so. Reagan had always been admired for his honesty.http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/reagan/peopleevents/pande08.htmlIt was not until 1986 that word had gotten out about the secret transactions. The Lebanese magazine Ash-Shiraa published a series of articles in November 1986, that exposed the weapons-for-hostages deal. On November 18th, 1987, the Congress issued a report on the affair that stated the president bore "ultimate responsibility."Upon further investigation, Attorney General Edwin Meese verified the report and an independent special prosecutor, Lawrence E. Walsh, was assigned to investigate the deals involving the arms sale and the Contra support.The hearings surrounding the scandals were televised from May to August in 1987. Military aide Marine Lt. Colonel Oliver North, former CIA chief William J. Casey, National Security Advisor John Poindexter, former defense secretary Caspar Weinberger, and many other high-ranking government officials were publicly investigated.
It was finally found that National Security Advisor Poindexter had personally authorized the diversion of money to the Contra rebels; all the while withholding the information from President Reagan. The CIA's William J. Casey played a part in the conspiracy, but he died during the hearings. http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1889.html8. Lebanon Hostage Crisis"Who can stop the toxic wastes, the terrorism, the nuclear build-up, the assasinations?" -quotes from Talk Radio1987: Peace envoy imprisoned in Beirut Reports from Lebanon say Church of England envoy Terry Waite has been kidnapped by an Islamic militia group.
Mr Waite, 47, disappeared on 20 January, eight days after arriving in the capital, Beirut, to try to free four hostages, including British journalist John McCarthy.http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/2/newsid_2524000/2524703.stm
Charles Glass. American television correspondent Charles Glass was seized on June 17, 1987, by a previously unknown group, the "Organization for the Defense of Free People", (believed to be one of Hezbollah's aliases) he escaped 62 days later.[14]
Rudolph Cordes and Alfred Schmidt, two citizens of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) abducted in January 1987 by an organization calling itself "Strugglers for Freedom." The West Germans were seized shortly after the West German government arrested Muhammad Ali Hamadi, a Shia terrorist leader who allegedly masterminded the 1985 TWA Flight 847 hijacking and killed diver Robert Dean Stethem. Muhammad Ali Hammadi was not released at that time but was in 2006, "in an apparent exchange for a German hostage in Iraq."[20]
Terry Waite. Anglican Church envoy Terry Waite, who disappeared January 20, 1987, while on a negotiating mission to free the other kidnap victims, spent almost five years in captivity, nearly four years of it in solitary confinement, after he was seized by Islamic Jihad from a go-between's house in Lebanon on January 20, 1987. Before his release in November 1991 he was frequently blindfolded, beaten, and subjected to mock executions. He lived much of the time chained to a radiator, suffered desperately from asthma, and was transported in a giant refrigerator as his captors moved him about. [21]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon_hostage_crisis9. Assassination Attempts on The Pope and President Ronald Reagan"They tried to kill the pope, Barry!" - quote from Talk RadioMore than half the world's population was not born or was less than 10 years old when a 23-year-old Turk named Mehmet Ali Agca shot Pope John Paul II four times with a 9-mm pistol from a distance of 15 feet as the pope drove through a crowd of 20,000 in St. Peter's Square on May 13, 1981.http://archive.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2005/4/5/160320.shtmlMonday - March 30 (1981)I was almost to the car when I heard what sounded like two or three firecrackers over to my left - just a small fluttering sound, pop, pop, pop. I turned and said, "What the hell's that?" Just then, Jerry Parr, the head of our Secret Service unit, grabbed me by the waist and literally hurled me into the back of the limousine. I landed on my face atop the armrest across the back seat and Jerry jumped on top of me. When he landed, I felt a pain in my upper back that was unbelievable. It was the most excruciating pain I had ever felt. "Jerry," I said, "get off, I think you've broken one of my ribs."Little by little, though, I learned what had happened and what the situation was: I had a bullet in my lung; Service agent Tim McCarthy had been shot in the chest; policeman Tom Delehanty had been shot in the neck. All of us had been hit by the gun of a young lone assailant who was in police custody. When Jim Brady, a funny and irreverent man who was as talented and well liked as anyone in the White House, was wheeled by me unconscious on his way to the operating room, someone told me he was hit so badly he probably wouldn't make it, and I quickly said a prayer for him. http://www.ronaldreagan.com/march30.html10. Sports: Baseball"Hey, I disagree with you on that one, Bar! They're gonna take the pennant. Niekro's gonna win twenty!" - quote from Talk RadioOctober 25 – 1987 World Series: The Minnesota Twins win despite having the worst regular season win-loss ratio for a winner, a record they hold until 2006.
The 1987 Series was remarkable in several regards: It featured the first World Series games played in an indoor stadium (the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome)[1] and the final Series game to start earlier than prime timein the eastern United States (Game 6, with a 4 p.m. ET start), and was the first World Series in which all games were won by the home team. (Four previous series had the home team winning the first six games, but in all four cases, the visiting team won Game 7). The 1987 Twins[2] set the record for the worst regular season win-loss record of any World Series championship team (85–77, .525). This record stood until broken in 2006 by the Cardinals themselves, who won the World Series after going 83–78 (.516).
Besides setting a record for the worst ever regular season winning percentage for a World Series winner (at the time) and hosting the first ever World Series game indoors, the 1987 Twins were the first team to ever enter the World Series having been outscored in the regular season. The 1987 Twins, as a team, were pretty much outnumbered in virtually every major statistical category.[citation needed] As ABC play-by-play man Al Michaels put it in the pre-game show for Game 1 "They were out everything!"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987_World_Series Posted by Erin Marie Williamsat 1:32 PM0 comments thursday, july 23, 2009ImagesImage of Cleveland Union Terminal which is now called Tower City Center. The commuter train, seen in the foreground, no longer runs and Cleveland Union Terminal, seen in the background, was eventually revitalized. The train tracks were taken out and retail and office space was put in. (Terminal Tower is where the radio station is located)http://www.urbanohio.com/forum2/index.php?topic=11674.0
Image of Girard, south of Liberty Street, (site condition unknown)+ Niles Mahoning, at Pratt, (foundation is still visible). PHOTO:Seen in the 1980s shortly before demolition. (An example of the urban blight prevalent in Cleveland during the 1980's).http://www.urbanohio.com/forum2/index.php?topic=11674.0 Map of the City of Cleveland (where Talk Radio is set)http://www.dot.state.oh.us/maps/Cities/Cleveland.jpg
Image of Cleveland, Ohio.
"What about communist countries...Red China for instance?"
""Yugoslavia is communist, it's a third-world country, so's Nicaragua, so's Cuba."
-quotes from Talk Radio
Following the death of Konstantin Chernenko (Andropov's successor) in 1985, Gorbachev was appointed general secretary of the party despite being the youngest member of the politburo. He embarked on a comprehensive program of political, economic, and social liberalization under the slogans of glasnost (“openness”) and perestroika(“restructuring”). The nuclear disaster at Chernobyl (1986) forced Gorbachev to allow even greater freedom of expression. The government released political prisoners, allowed increased emigration, attacked corruption, and encouraged the critical reexamination of Soviet history.
In a series of summit talks (1985–88), Gorbachev improved relations with U.S. President Ronald Reagan, with whom he signed an Intermediate Nuclear Forces (INF) arms limitation treaty in 1987. By 1989 he had brought about the end of the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan (seeAfghanistan War) and had sanctioned the end of the Communist monopoly on political power in Eastern Europe. For his contributions to reducing East-West tensions, he was awarded the 1990 Nobel Peace Prize. By 1990, however, Gorbachev's perestroika program had failed to deliver significant improvement in the economy, and the elimination of political and social control had released latent ethnic and national tensions in the Baltic states, in the constituent republics of Armenia, Georgia, Ukraine, and Moldova, and elsewhere. http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0821290.html The American Experience:The Iran Contra Affair By Julie WolfRonald Reagan's efforts to eradicate Communism spanned the globe, but the insurgent Contras' cause in Nicaragua was particularly dear to him. Battling the Cuban-backed Sandinistas, the Contras were, according to Reagan, "the moral equivalent of our Founding Fathers." Under the so-called Reagan Doctrine, the CIA trained and assisted this and other anti-Communist insurgencies worldwide.http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/reagan/peopleevents/pande08.html7. The Iran Contra Affair"How do you think thay pay for all those covert wars? Laos, Cambodia, Nicaragua, Air America, Iran Contra, it's a time-honored tradition." - quote from Talk RadioThe American Experience: The Iran Contra Affair By Julie WolfIn 1985, while Iran and Iraq were at war, Iran made a secret request to buy weapons from the United States. McFarlane sought Reagan's approval, in spite of the embargo against selling arms to Iran. McFarlane explained that the sale of arms would not only improve U.S. relations with Iran, but might in turn lead to improved relations with Lebanon, increasing U.S. influence in the troubled Middle East. Reagan was driven by a different obsession. He had become frustrated at his inability to secure the release of the seven American hostages being held by Iranian terrorists in Lebanon. As president, Reagan felt that "he had the duty to bring those Americans home," and he convinced himself that he was not negotiating with terrorists. While shipping arms to Iran violated the embargo, dealing with terrorists violated Reagan's campaign promise never to do so. Reagan had always been admired for his honesty.http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/reagan/peopleevents/pande08.htmlIt was not until 1986 that word had gotten out about the secret transactions. The Lebanese magazine Ash-Shiraa published a series of articles in November 1986, that exposed the weapons-for-hostages deal. On November 18th, 1987, the Congress issued a report on the affair that stated the president bore "ultimate responsibility."Upon further investigation, Attorney General Edwin Meese verified the report and an independent special prosecutor, Lawrence E. Walsh, was assigned to investigate the deals involving the arms sale and the Contra support.The hearings surrounding the scandals were televised from May to August in 1987. Military aide Marine Lt. Colonel Oliver North, former CIA chief William J. Casey, National Security Advisor John Poindexter, former defense secretary Caspar Weinberger, and many other high-ranking government officials were publicly investigated.
It was finally found that National Security Advisor Poindexter had personally authorized the diversion of money to the Contra rebels; all the while withholding the information from President Reagan. The CIA's William J. Casey played a part in the conspiracy, but he died during the hearings. http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1889.html8. Lebanon Hostage Crisis"Who can stop the toxic wastes, the terrorism, the nuclear build-up, the assasinations?" -quotes from Talk Radio1987: Peace envoy imprisoned in Beirut Reports from Lebanon say Church of England envoy Terry Waite has been kidnapped by an Islamic militia group.
Mr Waite, 47, disappeared on 20 January, eight days after arriving in the capital, Beirut, to try to free four hostages, including British journalist John McCarthy.http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/2/newsid_2524000/2524703.stm
Charles Glass. American television correspondent Charles Glass was seized on June 17, 1987, by a previously unknown group, the "Organization for the Defense of Free People", (believed to be one of Hezbollah's aliases) he escaped 62 days later.[14]
Rudolph Cordes and Alfred Schmidt, two citizens of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) abducted in January 1987 by an organization calling itself "Strugglers for Freedom." The West Germans were seized shortly after the West German government arrested Muhammad Ali Hamadi, a Shia terrorist leader who allegedly masterminded the 1985 TWA Flight 847 hijacking and killed diver Robert Dean Stethem. Muhammad Ali Hammadi was not released at that time but was in 2006, "in an apparent exchange for a German hostage in Iraq."[20]
Terry Waite. Anglican Church envoy Terry Waite, who disappeared January 20, 1987, while on a negotiating mission to free the other kidnap victims, spent almost five years in captivity, nearly four years of it in solitary confinement, after he was seized by Islamic Jihad from a go-between's house in Lebanon on January 20, 1987. Before his release in November 1991 he was frequently blindfolded, beaten, and subjected to mock executions. He lived much of the time chained to a radiator, suffered desperately from asthma, and was transported in a giant refrigerator as his captors moved him about. [21]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon_hostage_crisis9. Assassination Attempts on The Pope and President Ronald Reagan"They tried to kill the pope, Barry!" - quote from Talk RadioMore than half the world's population was not born or was less than 10 years old when a 23-year-old Turk named Mehmet Ali Agca shot Pope John Paul II four times with a 9-mm pistol from a distance of 15 feet as the pope drove through a crowd of 20,000 in St. Peter's Square on May 13, 1981.http://archive.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2005/4/5/160320.shtmlMonday - March 30 (1981)I was almost to the car when I heard what sounded like two or three firecrackers over to my left - just a small fluttering sound, pop, pop, pop. I turned and said, "What the hell's that?" Just then, Jerry Parr, the head of our Secret Service unit, grabbed me by the waist and literally hurled me into the back of the limousine. I landed on my face atop the armrest across the back seat and Jerry jumped on top of me. When he landed, I felt a pain in my upper back that was unbelievable. It was the most excruciating pain I had ever felt. "Jerry," I said, "get off, I think you've broken one of my ribs."Little by little, though, I learned what had happened and what the situation was: I had a bullet in my lung; Service agent Tim McCarthy had been shot in the chest; policeman Tom Delehanty had been shot in the neck. All of us had been hit by the gun of a young lone assailant who was in police custody. When Jim Brady, a funny and irreverent man who was as talented and well liked as anyone in the White House, was wheeled by me unconscious on his way to the operating room, someone told me he was hit so badly he probably wouldn't make it, and I quickly said a prayer for him. http://www.ronaldreagan.com/march30.html10. Sports: Baseball"Hey, I disagree with you on that one, Bar! They're gonna take the pennant. Niekro's gonna win twenty!" - quote from Talk RadioOctober 25 – 1987 World Series: The Minnesota Twins win despite having the worst regular season win-loss ratio for a winner, a record they hold until 2006.
The 1987 Series was remarkable in several regards: It featured the first World Series games played in an indoor stadium (the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome)[1] and the final Series game to start earlier than prime timein the eastern United States (Game 6, with a 4 p.m. ET start), and was the first World Series in which all games were won by the home team. (Four previous series had the home team winning the first six games, but in all four cases, the visiting team won Game 7). The 1987 Twins[2] set the record for the worst regular season win-loss record of any World Series championship team (85–77, .525). This record stood until broken in 2006 by the Cardinals themselves, who won the World Series after going 83–78 (.516).
Besides setting a record for the worst ever regular season winning percentage for a World Series winner (at the time) and hosting the first ever World Series game indoors, the 1987 Twins were the first team to ever enter the World Series having been outscored in the regular season. The 1987 Twins, as a team, were pretty much outnumbered in virtually every major statistical category.[citation needed] As ABC play-by-play man Al Michaels put it in the pre-game show for Game 1 "They were out everything!"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987_World_Series Posted by Erin Marie Williamsat 1:32 PM0 comments thursday, july 23, 2009ImagesImage of Cleveland Union Terminal which is now called Tower City Center. The commuter train, seen in the foreground, no longer runs and Cleveland Union Terminal, seen in the background, was eventually revitalized. The train tracks were taken out and retail and office space was put in. (Terminal Tower is where the radio station is located)http://www.urbanohio.com/forum2/index.php?topic=11674.0
Image of Girard, south of Liberty Street, (site condition unknown)+ Niles Mahoning, at Pratt, (foundation is still visible). PHOTO:Seen in the 1980s shortly before demolition. (An example of the urban blight prevalent in Cleveland during the 1980's).http://www.urbanohio.com/forum2/index.php?topic=11674.0 Map of the City of Cleveland (where Talk Radio is set)http://www.dot.state.oh.us/maps/Cities/Cleveland.jpg
Image of Cleveland, Ohio.
Perry Nuclear Plant
"The Perry Nuclear Power Plant is an infringement on the health and well-being of all the people living within a five-hundred-mile radius of its reactor core" - quote from Talk Radio
The Perry Nuclear Power Plant is located on a 1,100-acre (450 ha) site onLake Erie, 40 miles (65 km) northeast of Cleveland in North Perry, Ohio, USA. The nuclear power plant is owned by First Energy Nuclear Operating Corporation.
The reactor is a General Electric BWR-6 boiling water reactor design, with a Mark III containment design. The original core power level of 3,579 megawatts thermal was increased to 3,758 megawatts thermal in 2000, making Perry one of the largest BWRs in the United States.
Built at a cost of $6 billion, Perry-1 is one of the most expensive power plants ever constructed.
Perry was originally designed as a two-unit installation, but construction on Unit 2 was suspended in 1985 and formally cancelled in 1994. At the time of cancellation, all of the major buildings and structures for the second unit were completed, including the 500-foot tall cooling tower. Aerial pictures of Perry show what appears to be two nuclear units. The completed sections have since been raided for spare parts to maintain Unit 1. It is theoretically possible that a second unit could be constructed on the site, but current economical and regulatory conditions are not conducive to doing so (in addition to back taxes that would be due to the "abandon in place" designations on many objects in Unit 2). At any rate, the second unit would have to be re-built from the ground up to accommodate the newer reactor design that would almost certainly be installed.
Perry was the 100th power reactor licensed in the United States. Start of commercial operation November 18, 1987.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perry_Nuclear_Generating_Station
The Perry Nuclear Power Plant is located on a 1,100-acre (450 ha) site onLake Erie, 40 miles (65 km) northeast of Cleveland in North Perry, Ohio, USA. The nuclear power plant is owned by First Energy Nuclear Operating Corporation.
The reactor is a General Electric BWR-6 boiling water reactor design, with a Mark III containment design. The original core power level of 3,579 megawatts thermal was increased to 3,758 megawatts thermal in 2000, making Perry one of the largest BWRs in the United States.
Built at a cost of $6 billion, Perry-1 is one of the most expensive power plants ever constructed.
Perry was originally designed as a two-unit installation, but construction on Unit 2 was suspended in 1985 and formally cancelled in 1994. At the time of cancellation, all of the major buildings and structures for the second unit were completed, including the 500-foot tall cooling tower. Aerial pictures of Perry show what appears to be two nuclear units. The completed sections have since been raided for spare parts to maintain Unit 1. It is theoretically possible that a second unit could be constructed on the site, but current economical and regulatory conditions are not conducive to doing so (in addition to back taxes that would be due to the "abandon in place" designations on many objects in Unit 2). At any rate, the second unit would have to be re-built from the ground up to accommodate the newer reactor design that would almost certainly be installed.
Perry was the 100th power reactor licensed in the United States. Start of commercial operation November 18, 1987.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perry_Nuclear_Generating_Station
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